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Highlights

Since 1989, the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) has submitted annual reports to Congress called Our Changing Planet. The reports describe the status of USGCRP research activities, provide progress updates, and document recent accomplishments.

In particular, Our Changing Planet highlights progress and accomplishments in interagency activities. These highlights represent the broad spectrum of USGCRP activities that extend from Earth system observations, modeling, and fundamental research through synthesis and assessment, decision support, education, and public engagement.

Water Resources, Adaptation

Addressing water supply challenges in the American West

A straight-on view of unsettled water flowing through the All-American Canal, the Southern Californian landscape framing both of its sides.

Collaborative studies among scientists and decision-makers are identifying strategies to meet current and future water demands.                                                  

The western United States faces growing water challenges. Drought, population change, aging infrastructure, and ecosystem needs all strain existing water and power infrastructure, and future climate change is expected to further...

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Modeling, Extreme Events

Improving precipitation prediction

A satellite captures an atmospheric river from space. The white, banding plumes stretch across the Pacific and make landfall on the U.S. West Coast, with the curvature of Earth still in frame.

Collaboration across modeling, observational, and process research communities aims to improve how models represent and predict precipitation.

Many extreme events and related impacts are associated with the intensity, duration, and frequency of precipitation, including drought, flooding, wildfire, and severe storms. Understanding when, where, and how much precipitation will fall can help decision-makers and planners in agriculture, emergency management, energy, and other sectors prepare for and reduce costs from potential impacts. While models are skilled at simulating...

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Observations, Modeling

Updating a high-resolution reconstruction of the global climate

A depiction of the low pressure center of a hurricane approaching the coastline.

A reconstruction of daily weather back to 1806 puts current climate trends into historical perspective.

Historical weather reconstructions, or reanalyses, combine weather model output and observations from many sources to estimate the state of the atmosphere at a particular instant in time, over the entire globe. Reanalyses provide the context for understanding how weather and climate events and trends are changing over time and support improved prediction of future changes.

An interagency partnership between NOAA and DOE supported an...

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Ecosystems & Biodiversity, Carbon Cycle

Investigating how ecosystems respond to climate warming

An aerial view of the experimental enclosures fixed over intact black spruce peatland.

Experimental warming of a peatland ecosystem showed a rapid shift towards net carbon loss to the atmosphere.

Peatlands cover only about 3 percent of Earth’s land surface but store around 30 percent of global soil carbon. As the climate warms, these carbon stocks are vulnerable to release into the atmosphere as the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and methane, contributing to a cycle of further warming and carbon release. The SPRUCE (Spruce and Peatland Responses Under Changing Environments...

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Oceans, Observations, Arctic

Understanding rapid change in the Arctic

An aerial view of the Polarstern during the day, drifting with Arctic sea ice.

The Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) project concluded a yearlong expedition into the Arctic ice pack, collecting data that aims to advance understanding, modeling, and prediction of Arctic environmental change.

Sea ice cover in the Arctic Ocean has shrunk dramatically over the past four decades as temperatures in the region have warmed at over twice the rate as the rest of the globe. This trend is expected to continue, resulting in nearly sea-ice free late...

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Modeling

Modeling efforts drive advances in projections of future climate change

The U.S. research centers that develop climate and Earth system models and the U.S. scientific community are key participants in long-running collaborative efforts to improve knowledge on climate change. A number of major interagency activities supporting improvements in climate modeling took place in 2019.

Most prominently, the World Climate Research Programme Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) is currently in its sixth phase (CMIP6). The earlier phases of CMIP experiments have provided the research community...

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Antarctica, Oceans, Physical Climate, Observations

Unprecedented observations in the Southern Ocean help improve global climate models

A researcher launches a radiosonde instrument attached to a weather balloon to capture detailed atmospheric data.
The Southern Ocean surrounding Antarctica is the stormiest place on Earth, marked by heavy cloud cover that helps determine how much of the sun’s energy reaches Earth’s surface. Due in part to the scarcity of field data from the region, current climate models have difficulty reproducing the behavior of clouds over the Southern Ocean, which in turn affects how well they can simulate current and future climate. Motivated by these data limitations, an international multi-agency effort collected atmospheric and oceanographic data via ship-, aircraft-, and island-based instrumentation in a...
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Data & Tools

New data infrastructure helps build a virtual ecosystem of Earth science information

The ability to archive and share datasets generated by field, experimental, and modeling activities is a critical component of Earth system and global change research. Several recent interagency efforts aim to support advances in global change data access, synthesis, and use. 
 
DOE recently launched the Environmental Systems Science Data Infrastructure for a Virtual Ecosystem (ESS-DIVE), a publicly accessible archive of Earth and environmental science data generated by DOE-supported ecosystems research...
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Ecosystems & Biodiversity, Adaptation

Drought and wildfire research supports adaptation planning in the western United States

A natural-color image captured by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aboard NASA’s Terra satellite on August 27, 2017, shows dozens of wildfires burning in the western United States.
Wildfires affect communities throughout the United States each year, threatening lives, property and infrastructure, and ecosystems.[1] Understanding the climatic conditions that influence wildfire patterns can improve our ability to predict the occurrence and severity of future wildfires, and ultimately support the development of effective adaptation strategies. 
 
In response to this need, multiple programs within the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Department of the Interior’s...
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Modeling, Carbon Cycle, Arctic

Scientists investigate the effects of carbon emissions from thawing permafrost soils

Methane emitted from thawing permafrost below an Arctic thermokarst lake is trapped in bubbles of many different sizes and shapes as the ice grows during the winter.
Long-frozen northern soils known as permafrost contain one of the world’s largest stores of organic carbon. This reservoir is stable while soils are frozen, but as permafrost thaws, decomposition of biomass by microbes produces the heat-trapping gases carbon dioxide and methane, returning soil carbon to the atmosphere where it contributes to climate change. Permafrost carbon stores are expected to be increasingly vulnerable to decomposition as the climate continues to change, leading to a feedback cycle of further warming and permafrost thaw.[1]...
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